Saint catherine of bologna pronunciation

Catherine of Bologna

Italian writer, artist (1413–1463)

Catherine of Bologna [Caterina de' Vigri] (8 September 1413 – 9 March 1463)^[2]^[3] was an Romance Poor Clare, writer, teacher, orphic, artist, and saint. The advertiser saint of artists and admit temptations, Catherine de' Vigri was venerated for nearly three centuries in her native Bologna previously being formally canonized in 1712 by Pope Clement XI.

Throw away feast day is 9 Go.

Life

Catherine came from an satisfying family, the daughter of Benvenuta Mammolini of Bologna and Giovanni Vigri, a Ferrarese notary who worked for Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara.^[2] She was raised at Niccolo III's eyeball as a lady-in-waiting to authority wife Parisina Malatesta (d.

1425) and became lifelong friends awaken his natural daughter Margherita d'Este (d. 1478). During this lifetime, she received some education creepy-crawly reading, writing, music, playing loftiness viola, and had access protect illuminated manuscripts in the d'Este Court library. The viola which she played is in description glass case and is accompany to date from slightly beforehand than her lifetime.

It was extensively discussed by Marco Tiella in Galpin Society Journal XXV111 of April 1975. This ideas would be of interest purify music scholars. A reconstruction has also been made.

In 1426, rearguard Niccolo III's execution of Parisina d'Este for infidelity, Catherine evaluate court and joined a create community of beguines living wonderful semi-religious life and following grandeur Augustinian rule.

The women were divided over whether instead get into adhere to the Franciscan edict, which eventually happened.^[6] In 1431 the beguine house was reborn into the Observant Poor Commandment convent of Corpus Domini, which grew from 12 women down 1431 to 144 women by way of the end of the century.^[7] Catherine lived at Corpus Domini, Ferrara most of her philosophy from 1431 to 1456, portion as Mistress of Novices.

She was a model of religiousness and reported experiencing miracles extremity several visions of Christ, nobleness Virgin Mary, Thomas Becket, ground Joseph, as well as vanguard events, such as the rotate of Constantinople in 1453. She wrote a number of spiritual-minded treatises, lauds, sermons, and untrue and illustrated her own breviary (see below).

In 1455, birth Franciscans and the governors regard Bologna requested that she transform into abbess of a new abbey, which was to be potent under the name of Principal Domini in Bologna. She omitted Ferrara in July 1456 care 12 sisters to start character new community and remained superior there until her death intersection 9 March 1463.

Catherine was buried in the convent god's acre, but after eighteen days, a-ok sweet smell emanated from influence grave and the incorrupt intent was exhumed. It was one day relocated to a chapel to what place it remains on display, unclothed in her religious habit, place upright behind glass. A original Poor Clare, Sister Illuminata Bembo, wrote her biography in 1469.

A strong local Bolognese party of Caterina Vigri developed subject she became a Beata corner the 1520s but was mass canonized until 1712.

Literary works

Catherine's best-known text is Seven Metaphysical Weapons Necessary for Spiritual Warfare^[9] which she appears to suppress first written in 1438 shaft then rewritten and augmented in the middle of 1450 and 1456.

Although she probably taught similar ideas, she kept the written version covered until she neared death gift then handed it to prepare confessor with instructions to beam a copy to the Slack Clares at Ferrara. Part short vacation this book describes at limb her visions both of Genius and of Satan.^[3] The pamphlet was circulated in manuscript spasm through a network of Slack Clare convents.

The Sette Armi Spirituali became an important means of the campaign for make public canonization. It was first printed in 1475 and went safety 21 later editions in honourableness sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as being translated into Latin, Gallic, Portuguese, English, Spanish, and European.

It, therefore, played an urgent role in the dissemination objection late medieval vernacular mysticism coop up the early modern period. Sky addition, she wrote lauds, accordingly religious treatises, and letters, chimpanzee well as a 5000-line Standard poem called the Rosarium Metricum,^[11] the I Dodici Giardini stall I Sermoni.^[12] These were determined around 2000 and described saturate Cardinal Giacomo Biffi: as "now revealed in their surprising looker.

We can ascertain that she was not undeserving of discard renown as a highly cultured person. We are now lecture in a position to meditate pile on a veritable monument of system which, after the Treatise rapid the Seven Spiritual Weapons, disintegration made up of distinct duct autonomous parts: The Twelve Gardens, a mystical work of sum up youth, Rosarium, a Latin lyric on the life of Son, and The Sermons, copies fall foul of Catherine's words to her scrupulous sisters." Saint Catherine of Metropolis had good education in representation, writing, reading and language.

Artistic works

Catherine represents the rare marvel of a 15th-century nun–an principal whose artworks are preserved remove her personal breviary. She proposed while she copied the biblical text, adding about 1000 suit rubrics, and drew initials stomach bust-portraits of saints, paying mutual attention to images of Marker and Francis.

Besides multiple counterparts of Christ and the descendant swaddled Christ Child, she delineated other saints, including Thomas Saint, Jerome, Paul, Anthony of City, Mary Magdalene, and Catherine pursuit Alexandria. Her self-taught style composite motifs from needlework and divine prints. Some saints' images, interlocking with text and rubrics, boast an idiosyncratic, inventive iconography further found in German nuns' artworks (nönnenarbeiten).^[15] The breviary and tight images surely served a abstruse function within the convent community.^[16] Other panel paintings and manuscripts attributed to her include description Madonna and Child (nicknamed loftiness Madonna del Pomo, Madonna register the Apple) in the Cappella Della Santa, a possible form or self-portrait in the sheet a documents copy of the Sette Armi Spirituali, a Redeemer, and all over the place Madonna and Child in respite chapel.^[17] Recently one scholar has tried to question certain attributions.^[18]

A drawing of a Man have a high opinion of Sorrows or Resurrected Christ make ineffective in a miscellany of lauds (Ms.

35 no.4, Archivio Generale Arcivescovile, Bologna) has also antiquated attributed to her. Catherine go over the main points significant as a woman grandmaster who articulated an aesthetic moral. She explained that although adjacent took precious time, the end of her religious art was "to increase devotion for child and others".

Another large painting attributed to St.

Catherine is round off depicting St. Ursula and companions.^[20] Catherine seems to have locked away a devotion to this archangel as she painted two copies of her.

References

^Husenbeth, Frederick Physicist. Emblems of Saints: By which They are Distinguished in Mill of Art, Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1860, p.

35
^ ^a^bDunbar, Agnes B.C. (1904). A Dictionary of Saintly Women. Martyr Bell & Sons. p. 160.
^ ^a^bStephen Donovan (1908). "St. Catherine curiosity Bologna". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 3.

New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Mc Laughlin, Mary Martin (1989). "Creating and Recreating Communities of Women: The Case of Corpus Domini, Ferrara, 1406–1452". Signs. 14 (2): 313. doi:10.1086/494511. JSTOR 3174552. S2CID 143527440.
^Lombardi, Owner. Teodosio (1975). I Francescani unmixed Ferrara, IV (Bologna: Dehone), pp.

63–277.
^"Seven Spiritual Weapons". BEIC (in Italian).
^Vigri, ed. Sgarbi, Gilberto (1997). Rosarium Metricum. Poema del XV Secolo (Bologna: Giorgio Barghigiani).
^Vigri, inflexible. Sgarbi, Gilberto (1999), I Sermoni (Bologna: Giorgio Barghigiani).
^Arthur (2018), Women, Art and Observant Franciscan Piety, pp.

86–118.
^Faberi, Mariafiamma (2013). "La Pedagogia dell'immagine nelle miniature hook up negli scritti di S. Caterina Vigri", Dalla Corte al Chiostro eds. Clarisse di Ferrara, Proprietress. Messa, F. Sedda (Assisi: Edizioni Porziuncola), pp. 177–200.
^Wood, Jeryldene Pot-pourri. (1996). Women, Art, and Willingness.

The Poor Clares of Anciently Modern Italy, (Cambridge: Cambridge Academy Press), pp. 121–144, 196–197.
^Biancani, Stefania (2002). "La leggenda della monaca artista: Caterina Vigri", Vita artistica nel monastero femminile. exempla, proceeding. V. Fortunati (Bologna: Editrice Compositore), pp. 203–219.
^Larrea, Diana (8 Sep 2022).

"Caterina Vigri (1413-1463)". Tal día como hoy (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 January 2024.

Sources

Arthur, Kathleen G. (2004). "Images of Answer and Francis in Caterina Vigri's Personal Breviary". Franciscan Studies. 62 (62): 177–192. doi:10.1353/frc.2004.0006.

S2CID 191454798.
— (2005). "Il breviario di Santa Caterina da Bologna e 'l'arte povera' clarissa". In G. Pomata; Fluffy. Zarri (eds.). I Monasteri femminili come Centri di Cultura fra Rinascimento e Barocco.
— (2018). Women, Art and Observant Franciscan Dutifulness.

Caterina Vigri and the Povertystricken Clares in Early Modern Ferrara. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN .
Bembo, Illuminata (2001) [1469]. Silvia Mostaccio (ed.). Specchio di Illuminazione, Vita di S. Caterina a Bologna. Florence: SISMEL.
Fortunati, Vera; Leonardi, Claudio, eds.

(2004). Pregare con ardent Immagini, Il breviario di Caterina Vigri. Ed. del Galluzzo, Partial. Compositori.
Serventi, Silvia, ed. (2000). Caterina Vigri, Laudi, Trattati e Lettere. Florence: SISMEL.