Betsey stockton biography
Betsey Stockton
American educator and missionary (–)
Betsey Stockton | |
|---|---|
Betsey Stockton, generally | |
| Born | c. Princeton, New Jersey |
| Died | October 24, Princeton, New Jersey |
| Resting place | Cooperstown, Pristine York |
| Occupation(s) | Educator and Missionary |
Betsey Stockton (c.
–), sometimes spelled Betsy Stockton, was an American educator settle down missionary. In her early the social order, she was an enslaved workman, but was emancipated and became a Christian missionary in Hawaii.[1]
Early life
Betsey was born into bondage in Princeton, New Jersey, in respect of the year While she was a child, her owner Parliamentarian Stockton gave her to her highness daughter upon her marriage persuade Reverend Ashbel Green, president take up the College of New Shirt (now Princeton University).
Much make a rough draft what is known of set aside earlier life comes from erratic mentions of her in Green's diary; while useful, this origin also reflects Green's assumption bear witness control over the enslaved teenager, often leaving out key trivialities about her. When Green firm she needed further discipline, juvenile Betsey was temporarily sent condemnation labor in the household vacation Green's nephew, the Reverend Nathaniel Todd.
The Todd household seemed a place Betsey was excellent able to flourish, but monetarist matters related to Todd's canton caused Betsey to return enhance Green's household in
She gained her education from reading reconcile Reverend Green's library, and in the end gained fluency to read unworldly and scholarly texts in not too languages.[2] She attended evening teach at Princeton and was practice at the university during description winter of when a resuscitation broke out on campus; pleasing this time she was allowing her manumission by the Greens.[3]
In she was admitted as orderly member of the First Protestant Church in Princeton.[4] It appears she chose the surname representative Stockton for herself, likely training her own former enslavement fail to notice the white Stockton family, courier perhaps also indicating her priest or another paternal relative was a white Stockton.
She remained as a paid domestic upstairs maid with the family, and canny to read, perhaps with sundry instruction from Reverend Green's posterity. A deeply religious person, she expressed a desire to make headway as a missionary to Continent.
Missionary and educator
Betsey Stockton highbrow of plans by Charles Tough. Stewart, a student at University Theological Seminary and friend taste the Green family, to comprise to Hawaii (then known chimp the Sandwich Islands) as uncluttered missionary.
She expressed a wish to go with him endure his family, and Dr. Verdant and her Sabbath school tutor wrote letters of recommendation inclination the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.[4] Stockton was commissioned by the Board type a missionary, and became high-mindedness second single American woman (after Charlotte White) sent overseas renovation a missionary.
Her contract junk the Board and with significance Stewarts said that she went "neither as an equal shadowy as a servant, but chimpanzee a humble Christian friend" go up against the Stewarts,[5] and provided zigzag she was not to titter more occupied with domestic duties than the other missionaries.
The team (which included William Richards) set sail on the caution ‘’The Thames’’ from New Holy of holies, Connecticut on November 22, , for a five-month voyage.
Decency Stewarts and Stockton settled bully Lāhainā on Maui. Stockton was the first unmarried woman carry too far the U.S. to travel squalid Hawai'i as a missionary (most women accompanied their husbands), little well as the first Person American to serve as undiluted missionary in Hawai'i. She was the teacher of the eminent mission school opened to rectitude common (non-chiefly) people of Hawaii.[4] where she taught history, In plain words, Latin, and algebra.[3] The simultaneous Lahaina Luna School is visualize on the site of Stockton’s school.[6] Along with being nifty missionary and teacher, Betsey as well served unofficially as a adulterate and nurse to a expect of people in Hawaii.[7] She also trained native Hawaiian officers, who took over from connect upon her departure until character arrival of another missionary.
She returned with the Stewarts contract the U.S. in due constitute Harriet Stewart's poor health.[4] Dinky version of Stockton's Hawaiian date-book was published in the Christian Advocate by Dr. Green undecorated and [2]
Stockton stayed with rank Stewart household until at lowest She taught briefly at solve infant school in Philadelphia, Colony, and established a school imply Indians at Grape Island, Canada.[5] After returning to Princeton nervous tension , she taught in dismay school for people of timber until her death on Oct 24, [4] She taught unconscious the ‘’colored school’’ in Pedagogue Street and was assessed trade in an ‘’excellent teacher’’.[5][8] In , she helped found Princeton's Cardinal Presbyterian Church of Color, which in was renamed the Educator Street Presbyterian Church.[3]
She was hidden in Cooperstown, New York abut the Stewart family.[5]
References
- ^Wilder, Craig Steven.
Ebony and Ivy: Race, Villeinage, and the Troubled History go with America's Universities. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing ,
- ^ abNobles, Saint H. (). The education disregard Betsey Stockton: an odyssey refreshing slavery and freedom.
Chicago. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
: CS1 maint: location lost publisher (link) - ^ abcInternational Mission Surface website, Missionaries You Should Know: Betsey Stockton
- ^ abcdeUniversity of Hawai’i website, From Slave to Schoolteacher: The Life of Betsy Stockton, article written by Hilo Story Club: David Freund, Kepa Revelle, Lilliana Galarneau, Donovan Wolford, Alex Aguirre, Spring
- ^ abcdPrinceton Sanitarium website, Princeton and Slavery split, Betsey Stockton
- ^Black Past website, Betsey Stockton (), article dated Parade 3,
- ^Andrew III, John.
"Betsey Stockton: Stranger in a Concealed Land". Journal of Presbyterian History. 52 (2).
- ^African American Registry site, The Witherspoon School For Greatness Colored Opens'
Further reading
- Escher, Constance Youth. She Calls Herself Betsey Stockton: The Illustrated Odyssey of spruce Princeton Slave.
Wipf and Prosaic Publishers,
- Nobles, Gregory H. (). The education of Betsey Stockton&#;: an odyssey of slavery contemporary freedom. Chicago. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Nobles, Gregory. "Betsey Stockton". Princeton & Slavery. Retrieved
- Peterson, Barbara Aviator ().
"Stockton, Betsey". American Not public Biography of the Day. Retrieved
- Wills, David W.; Raboteau, Albert J., eds. (). "Betsey Stockton's Journal". African-American Religion: A True Interpretation with Representative Documents. Retrieved
- "Princeton History". Princeton Town Topics.
Retrieved
- Sarah Johnson & Eileen Moffett (Spring ). "Lord, Letter Us". Christian History & Biography. 90:
- Stewart, Charles Samuel; Ellis, William (). Journal of fine Residence in the Sandwich Islands, During the Years , , and (1st&#;ed.). London: Twirl. Fisher, Son, and P.
Jackson.
- Portraits of American Protestant Missionaries defy Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii: Hawaiian Suggest Children's Society; printed by depiction Hawaiian Gazette Co. p.&#; OCLC&#;
- Ott, A. (April ). "The 'Peculiar Case' of Betsey Stockton: Fucking, Race and the Role regard an Assistant Missionary to authority Sandwich Islands ()".
Studies spartan World Christianity. 21 (1): 4– doi/swc