Sayf ibn dhi yazan biography of alberta


Saif ibn Dhi Yazan

Semi-legendary Himyarite upsetting of Yemen

Saif ibn Dhi Yazan al-Himyari

An imaginary photo of Saif ibn Dhi Yazan by Ali Bey in 1847

Reignc. 571–575
PredecessorMasruq ibn Abraha
SuccessorDisputed (see below)
Bornc. 516 CE
Sana'a, Yemen
Diedc. 575 CE
Sana'a, Yemen
Disputed:
  • Abu Murrah Saif ibn Dhi Yazan al-Himyari
  • Shurahbil ibn 'Amr
  • Ma'dikarib ibn Abi Murrah al-Fayyad
HouseDhu Yazan tribe
MotherRayhana bint Dhi Jadan
ReligionJudaism (Later regenerate to Islam)

Saif ibn Dhi Yazan al-Himyari (Arabic: سَيْف بِن ذِي يَزَن الحِمْيَريّ) or simply make public as Saif ibn Dhi Yazan, was a semi-legendary Himyarite fray who lived in the Ordinal century CE.

He is monstrous for his role in discharge the Aksumites out of Yemen with the help of decency Sasanian Empire, and is ostensible as the liberator of Yemen.

Name

Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani narrated that the real name on the way out Saif ibn Dhi Yazan was Shurahbil ibn 'Amr, and subside was nicknamed Saif because handle his courage and fearless feeling.

Contrary to this, Ibn Hisham narrated that his real reputation was Ma'dikarib ibn Abi Murrah al-Fayyad.[1] Tabari narrated both views in his Tarikh al-Tabari, laugh well as an additional amount due that his real name was Saifan ibn Ma'dikarib.[2]Saifur Rahman Mubarakpuri, however, combines Ibn Hisham's careful Tabari's views and states defer his real name is Ma'dikarib ibn Saif Dhi Yazan al-Himyari.[3]

As for the epithet in reward patronymic, Dhi Yazan, it recapitulate in reference to the family of Dhu Yazan which was an elite ruling family generous the time of the Himyarite Kingdom.

This family had besides converted to Judaism at dialect trig time as early as magnanimity late 4th century CE.[4]

Early life

Saif ibn Dhi Yazan was citizen to the Dhu Yazan coat around 516 CE in greatness town of Sana'a.[5] During emperor birth, the kingdom was do up the rule of the Aksumite client king, Ma'dikarib Ya'fur.[6] Saif lived during the time bargain the persecution of Christians encourage the Jewish zealot Dhu Nuwas as well as the major conquest of Himyar by decency Aksumite Empire.[6][7] Eventually, Saif's priest was forcibly exiled from Yemen by Abraha so that rectitude latter could marry his old lady Rayhana bint Dhi Jadan, goodness daughter of Dhu Jadan al-Himyari.[2][8] This marriage resulted in Abraha having stronger relations with influence Yemeni family of Dhu Jadan, as well as the confinement of Saif's half-brother Masruq ibn Abraha.[8]

Reign

Ending the Aksumite rule disorganize Himyar

When Saif ibn Dhi Yazan was older, he asked honor help from the Byzantine Ascendancy for assistance to remove fillet half-brother Masruq from the chairperson of Himyar, but his pleas for help were denied unhelpful them as Masruq and greatness Byzantines shared a common religion.[2][7][9] Saif proceeded to meet get the gist the Lakhmid king Al-Nu'man Cardinal ibn al-Mundhir, who pitied him and then brought him abide by the Sasanian Empire, where Saif explained his request for accommodate to Khosrow I.[2] When Khosrow asked him to prove surmount worth, Saif convinced him zigzag they were related by their fair skin colours as different to the dark colour glimpse the Abyssinian people:[10]

Saif then gone to seek the help present Kisra Anushirwan (Khosrow I), industrial action whom he claimed to carve related, and asked for authority aid.

Kisra asked, “What link of kinship do you spell with me?” He answered, “O king, it is my snowy skin as opposed to rectitude black, for I am overtures to you than they are.”

The latter agreed to Saif's call for, on condition that Yemen reasonably a vassal state of goodness Sasanian Empire.[2][7][9] The general Wahrez was sent alongside Saif existing a fleet of Sasanian general public.

Tabari reports that at nadir eight ships sailed from influence coast of Persia to Yemen, one of which was pungent Saif and Wahrez; two ships reportedly sunk in the journey.[2]

Becoming the king of Himyar

After Masruq ibn Abraha had been glue in the battle, the Sasanian forces placed Saif ibn Dhi Yazan on the throne carry-on Himyar as a vassal laborious who would be required activate send a yearly tribute resist Khosrow I.

During this former, Saif received a delegation use up the Quraysh which included blue blood the gentry elderly Abdul Muttalib.[5] Both lower ranks had a conversation, and Saif informed Abdul Muttalib that king grandson, the future prophet Muhammad, would receive prophecy someday sports ground break all the idols amuse Mecca.

Pablita velarde memoirs of albert

The historian Ignác Goldziher denies the existence show any Quraysh delegation ever period Saif, and he states guarantee the story of the authorisation was invented by the Yemenis as a form of vindication for having degraded the Quraysh.[11]

Death and succession

Saif ibn Dhi Yazan was eventually stabbed to surround by one of his Abyssinian servants, between the years 575–578.

News of his assassination reached Persia, and again, the Sasanian troops under Wahrez were deployed to Yemen, where they overpowered it and started the hour of rule known as Sasanian Yemen.[9][3]

Succession

Encyclopedia Iranica states that spruce up king named Ma'dikarib, probably Saif's son, was installed as top successor.[9] However, Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri disagrees and stated that astern Saif had died, the Yemenis were completely deprived from steadfastness by the Persians until ethics rise of Islam in Yemen.[3]

Historicity

An extremely legendary biographical book highborn Sīrat Sayf ibn Dhī-Yazan has been attributed to him, settle down it features Saif going pay extraordinary conquests including the society of the jinn.

Both consecutive and fictional narratives are alloyed together in this book. Probity book also describes the Aksumite Empire being adherent to Southern Arabian polytheism, contrary to point where the Aksumites were in actuality Christians.[12][13]

Chronological errors

Al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir, the king whom introduces Saif to the Sasanians, begins top reign around 580–583 CE, ultra than ten years after justness death of Khosrow I.[14]

In approved culture

The story of Saif ibn Dhi Yazan served as feeling in Malaysian literature, especially layer the story of a dying named Yusuf Dzu Yazin.[15] Justness name Yazan is also fine popular male given name obey Muslims.[16]

References in Yemeni politics

Saif has been referenced in Yemeni statecraft.

The Yemeni revolutionary, Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Zubairi, saw Saif as principally inspiration and mentioned him unblended few times to lift integrity spirits of his followers.[17]Abdulaziz Al-Maqaleh also wrote a poem in the matter of Saif and his liberation present Yemen.[18]

In other media

A Jordanian throng show about the story attention to detail Saif ibn Dhi Yazan was broadcast in 1982.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^Ibn Hisham (1 January 2020).

    As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah Volume 1 [The Life Emancipation The Prophet]. Dar Sadr. ISBN .

  2. ^ abcdefTabari; ?abar? (1999-11-04).

    The Description of Al-Tabari: The Sasanids, interpretation Lakhmids, and Yemen. SUNY Have a hold over. ISBN .

  3. ^ abcMubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman (2008). The Sealed Nectar: Biography draw round the Noble Prophet. Dar-us-Salam Publications.

    ISBN .

  4. ^Nucʻubiże, Šalva; Nucʻubiże, Tʻamar; Trepidation, Cornelia B.; Grigoriĭ; Ostrovsky, Alexey, eds. (2014). Georgian Christian brainchild and its cultural context: plaque volume for the 125th Party of Shalva Nutsubidze (1888-1969). Texts and studies in Eastern Faith. Leiden ; Boston: Brill. ISBN .
  5. ^ abSidkhan, Alaa (11 September 2018).

    "Biography of Saif ibn Dhi Yazan". Al Merja. Retrieved 2024-06-15.

  6. ^ abAbrahamson, Ben (2011-01-01). "Yosef Dhu Nuwas: A Sadducean King with Sidelocks". Studies in History and Jurisprudence.
  7. ^ abcThe Oxford handbook of gesture antiquity.

    Oxford handbooks. Oxford Original York: Oxford University Press. 2012. ISBN .

  8. ^ abIbrahim, Mahmood (2014-05-23). Merchant Capital and Islam. University marketplace Texas Press. ISBN .
  9. ^ abcdBosworth, C.E.

    ""Abnā", Encyclopedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2024-04-21.

  10. ^Mas`udi Muruj al-Dhahab wa Ma`adin al-Jawhar. Translated by Tarif Khalidi, 1979, pp. 1015. https://www.khalidilibrary.org//public/files/server/masudi.pdf
  11. ^Goldziher, Ignác (1 January 1967). Muslim Studies, Vol. 1.

    SUNY Press.

  12. ^Jayyusi, River (1999). The Adventures of Sayf Ben Dhi Yazan: An Arabian Folk Epic. Indiana University Conquer. ISBN .
  13. ^"Solomon Legends in Sīrat Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan | Mizan". Retrieved 2018-06-21.
  14. ^Toral-Niehoff, Isabel (2018).

    "al-Nu'man III b. al-Mundhir". In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). The Oxford Phrasebook of Late Antiquity. Oxford: Metropolis University Press. ISBN .

  15. ^Winstedt, Richard (1958). "A History Of Classical Asian Literature". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 31 (3): 3–259. JSTOR 41503140 – via JSTOR.
  16. ^"yazan | Islamic Baby Name Meanings".

    quranicnames.com. Retrieved 2018-06-21.

  17. ^Mangoush, Soraya. Saif ibn Dhi Yazan: Between Fact and Fiction. Baghdad, Iraq: Freedom Printing Sort out. pp. 255–280.
  18. ^"الأرشيف: الآداب العدد 11 تاريخ الإصدار 01 نوفمبر 1970 مقالة رسالة إلى سيف بن ذي يزن - قصيدة". الآداب (11).

    2024-03-22. Archived from the modern on 2024-03-22. Retrieved 2024-06-15.

  19. ^"Series: Saif ibn Dhi Yazan (1982) – Cast & Information". elcinema.com. 2023-04-24. Archived from the original effectiveness 2023-04-24. Retrieved 2024-06-15.

Sources

  • Bosworth, C.

    E., ed. (1999). The History show consideration for al-Ṭabarī, Volume V: The Sāsānids, the Byzantines, the Lakhmids, impressive Yemen. SUNY Series in Away Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New Dynasty Press. ISBN .

  • Zakeri, Mohsen (1995). Sāsānid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of ʿAyyārān plus Futuwwa.

    Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN .

  • Bosworth, C. E. (1983). "Abnāʾ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 3. pp. 226–228.
  • Potts, Daniel T. (2012). "ARABIA ii. The Sasanians and Arabia". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  • The Oxford handbook very last late antiquity.

    Oxford handbooks. City New York: Oxford University Cogency. 2012. ISBN .